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Indicator summary
Summary of indicator structure and function
Indicator | Attribute | Purpose | If restricted to taxa, list which ones | Ecosystem applicability | Identified capability | Biological classification level | Response variable | Drivers | Robustness |
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Production/Biomass | Ecosystem structure and function | fisheriesFisheries |
| should Should be applicable to all ecosystems | Demonstrable | EcosystemTrophodynamics | Trophodynamic, Environmental | Trophodynamics | Medium |
Examples of how the indicators is used for ecosystem management and ecosystem status and trends
Indicator examples | Current status and trends | Management objective/direction | Stakeholder/Public acceptability |
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Examples of how the indicator is used. | Pick one of the following: | Pick one of the following: | Pick one of the following: |
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Trophodynamic | Medium |
Definition and/or background
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Ecological studies have suggested that ecosystems evolve in a succession of stages of maturity (Odum 1969) so as to increase control system feedback, internalise flows and increase the specialisation and number of constituent components (Christensen 1992). It is believed that fisheries reduce the maturity of an ecosystem, by destroying its physical structure and shifting community composition to r-selected species. The ratio of total primary production to total biomass is a model-derived indicator thought to be a function of the “maturity” of the system (Christensen et al. 2000). This is because, in immature systems production exceeds respiration and this allows the system to evolve by accumulation biomass (and thus the ratio decreases as the system moves from an immature to a mature state). By tracking the value of this ratio through time or by comparing the value at fished and unfished sites, it may be possible to detect large-scale ecological effects of fishing (via changes in the value of the ratio).
Attribute
Ecosystem structure and function
Purpose
Provide any additional details necessary of the purpose listed in the table
Taxa
As appropriate list an taxa that this indicator is restricted to
Fisheries
Data required
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
- Biomass per species (or group) recorded (preferably at least for the main components of the ecosystem and through time or vs. some reference area)
- Taxonomic data (or at least categorisation of the main components of the system)
- Catch data of species in fishery
- Mortality estimates for each group
- Consumption / Biomass estimates for each group
- Diet data
Ecosystem applicability
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Should be applicable in all ecosystems.
Identified capability
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Biological classification level
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Response variable
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Drivers
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Robustness
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Medium: by itself P/B can be confounded by other maturity altering forces on the system and may not show only the effects of fishing. Further, as a model-derived indicator it is reliant on the assumptions used to construct the underlying model and the data used to parameterise and initialise the model. This makes it unsuitable as a predictive indicator, but this does not prevent it from being an informative indicator, especially if it is part of a larger suite of indicators. Thus, as one of a set of indicators it may be useful for characterising ecosystems and how they change.
Current status and trends
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Management objective/direction
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Stakeholder/Public acceptability
Acceptability with stakeholders?
* by all stakeholder
* by the public
* understandable to the stakeholders
References
Fulton, E.A., Smith, A.D.M., Webb, H., and Slater, J. (2004a) Ecological indicators for the impacts of fishing on non-target species, communities and ecosystems: Review of potential indicators. AFMA Final Research Report, report Number R99/1546.
References that Fulton et al uses for this indicator:
Christensen, V. 1992. Network analysis of trophic interaction in aquatic ecosystems. 55 p . ICLARM Contribution, 835ICLARM.
Christensen, V., C.J. Walters, and D. Pauly. 2000. ECTOPATH with ECOSIM: a user’s guide. October 2000 edition. Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vanouver, Canada and International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Penang, Malaysia.
Odum, E. P. 1969. The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164, no. 18 April: pp 262-70.
Background reading
Fulton, E.A., Fuller,M., Smith, A.D.M., and Punt, A. (2004) Ecological indicators of the ecosystem effects of fishing: Final report. AFMA Final Research Report, report Number R99/1546.
Other references that can be used to update this page
Other references that SD has found that would be useful to update the indicator referred to on this page.
Citation
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