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These pages are still under construction
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Indicator summary
Summary of indicator structure and function
| Indicator | Attribute | Purpose | If restricted to taxa, list which ones | Ecosystem applicability | Identified capability | Biological classification level | Response variable | Drivers | Robustness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trait composition | Tropic shifts, community Community structure, population Population structure | fisheriesFisheries | Should be applicable in all ecosystems | Aspirational | Ecosystem, Community, Population | species-based | anthropogenic | medium |
Examples of how the indicators is used for ecosystem management and ecosystem status and trends
| Indicator examples | Current status and trends | Management objective/direction | Stakeholder/Public acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Examples of how the indicator is used. | Pick one of the following:
| Pick one of the following:
| Pick one of the following:
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| Species-based, Size-based | Anthropogenic | Medium |
Definition and/or background
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
It is now fairly widely accepted that fishing effects the life history traits of fished populations (Jennings and Kaiser 1998, Rochet 1998, Hall 1999, Rochet et al. 2000, Jennings et al. 2001, ICES 2002). Changes in the mean values of traits have been used to consider the effects of fishing, but consideration of the variance could also be useful (Rochet and Trenkel 2003). While past use in fisheries has usually concentrated on considering the change in traits of targeted species, it is being extended to consider communities (Jennings et al. 1999, ICES 2002). This is in keeping with its use in biomonitoring of freshwater (Hellawell 1986, Charvet et al. 2000) and marine benthic (Frid et al. 2000) communities, where biological and ecological traits (e.g. size, life span, diet and distribution) weighted by species abundance are analysed using a multivariate framework. Based on its success as an indicator of pollution, trait composition has a lot of potential as an indicator of the effects of fishing. ...
Attribute
Trophic shifts, Community structure, Population structure
Purpose
Fisheries
Data required
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
- Catch biomass of pelagic fish species
- Mean trophic level in the catch
- Time series data of catch
Ecosystem applicability
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Should be applicable to all ecosystems.
Robustness
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Medium: The index has potential, but it requires further development and testing, due to its data requirements and the potential existence of thresholds of effectiveness.
Current status and trends
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
A range of traits will need to be analysed though, as an application to data from the North Sea Scottish August Groundfish Survey data (ICES 2002) indicated that some traits (growth rates, length at maturity and von Bertalanffy L∞) may be relatively insensitive to increased levels of fishing if applied to areas that are already disturbed. That is, these traits could distinguish between low and medium levels of fishing, but beyond a threshold level of perturbation they failed to respond further (ICES 2002). Of the traits considered in this analysis of North Sea Scottish August Groundfish Survey data (growth rates, age and length at maturity and von Bertalanffy L∞), age at maturity showed the greatest promise as an indicator of the continuing effects of fishing (and its management) on the North Sea Scottish Groundfish community. Irrespective of the trait(s) under consideration, it will require the collection of more data to verify the potential of traits as indicators and to establish “reference-conditions” (Rochet and Trenkel 2003). The existence of reference areas would also be highly beneficial, as they would allow for the separation of the effects due to fishing from those due to other factors affecting the ecosystem.
Attribute
trophic shifts, community structure, population structure
Purpose
fisheries
Taxa
Data required
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
- Catch biomass of pelagic fish species
- Mean trophic level in the catch
- Time series data of catch
Ecosystem applicability
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Should be applicable to all ecosystems.
Identified capability
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to the identified capability?
Otherwise can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Biological classification level
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to the biological classification?
Otherwise can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Response variable
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to the response variable?
Otherwise can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Drivers
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to ecological drivers?
If not can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Robustness
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Medium: The index has potential, but it requires further development and testing, due to its data requirements and the potential existence of thresholds of effectiveness.
Current status and trends
what was it like in an undisturbed/unexploited system?
how would it be expected to change?
which way is the indicator showing a population is going in? decreasing or increasing ??
Management strategies and/or objectives
define a standard set of management objectives?? ie from Indiseas
- Conservations biodiversity
- Ecosystem stability and resistance to perturbations
- ecosystem structure and functioning
- resource potential
has it been used in a management strategy? if so how?
relationship to management strategies/ objectives
Stakeholder/public acceptability
Acceptability with stakeholders
- by all stakeholder
- by the public
- understandable to the stakeholders
Associated links
Hyperlinks to organisations, databases, webportals, and ID books, that are associated with this indicator, if appropriate.
References
Fulton, E.A., Smith, A.D.M., Webb, H., and Slater, J. (2004a) Ecological indicators for the impacts of fishing on non-target species, communities and ecosystems: Review of potential indicators. AFMA Final Research Report, report Number R99/1546.
References that Fulton et al uses for this indicator:
Charvet, S., B. Statzner, P. Usseglio-Polatera, and B. Dumont. 2000. Traits of benthic macroinvertebrates in semi-natural French streams: an initial application to biomonitoring in Europe (abstract) . Freshwater Biology 43, no. 2: pp 277-96.
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Jennings, S., M.J. Kaiser, and J.D. Reynolds. 2001. Marine fisheries ecology.,. 417 p . London: Blackwell Science.
Rochet, M.-J., P.-A. Cornillon, R. Sabatier, and D. Pontier. 2000. Comparative analysis of phylogenetic and fishing effects in life history patterns of teleost fishes. Oikos 91: pp 255-70.
Rochet, M.-J., and V. M. Trenkel. 2003. Which community indicators can measure the impact of fishing? a review and proposals. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 60: pp 86-99.
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Fulton, E.A., Fuller,M., Smith, A.D.M., and Punt, A. (2004) Ecological indicators of the ecosystem effects of fishing: Final report. AFMA Final Research Report, report Number R99/1546.
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