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These pages are still under construction
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Indicator summary
Summary of indicator structure and function
| Indicator | Attribute | Purpose | If restricted to taxa, list which ones | Ecosystem applicability | Identified capability | Biological classification level | Response variable | Drivers | Robustness |
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| Mean trophic level | Trophic shifts, trophic Trophic structure | fisheriesFisheries | Applicable to all systems | Aspirational | Ecosystem | Trophodynamic | AnthropogenicAnthropogenic | Medium to high |
Examples of how the indicators is used for ecosystem management and ecosystem status and trends
| Indicator examples | Current status and trends | Management objective/direction | Stakeholder/Public acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Examples of how the indicator is used. | Pick one of the following:
| Pick one of the following:
| Pick one of the following:
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Definition and/or background
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
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Mean trophic level of the catch has also been used as a summary statistic for the consideration of broad-scale, coarsely resolved datasets such as the FAO dataset. The index is also the basis for other indicators, such as the “Fishery is balanced” (or FIB) index (see separate page). While these catch-based statistics can be informative, great care must be taken that they are not being confounded by economic forces guiding targeting or technological advances (Caddy and Garibaldi 2000).
Attribute
Trophic shifts, trophic Trophic structure
Purpose
fisheriesFisheries
Taxa
Data required
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
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The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Applicable to all systems.
Identified capability
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to the identified capability?
Otherwise can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Biological classification level
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to the biological classification?
Otherwise can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Response variable
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to the response variable?
Otherwise can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Drivers
Is there any additional information that would be of interest in regards to ecological drivers?
If not can leave this section blank and just fill in the table instead.
Robustness
The following is from Fulton et al 2004a -
Medium to High: if based on fisheries independent data the trends in this statistic give a good indication of changes in community structure that result from the effects of fishing. The robustness is weakened if based solely on catch data (as that can be confounded by the usual concerns about catch data such as targeting and reporting), but it is still relatively sound given the simplicity and ease with which the indicator can be calculated. The indicator can be effected by other changes in the environment that also effect community composition, such as eutrophication, but that is true of all indicators considering community structure.
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A drop in the mean trophic level has been seen in both temperate (e.g. North sea, Greenstreet and Hall 1996) and tropical systems (e.g. Islands of the Philippines, Russ and Alcala 1996) and indicates a substantial shift in community structure as smaller, faster growing species which feed lower in the food web come to dominate the system.
Management strategies and/or objectives
define a standard set of management objectives?? ie from Indiseas
- Conservations biodiversity
- Ecosystem stability and resistance to perturbations
- ecosystem structure and functioning
- resource potential
has it been used in a management strategy? if so how?
relationship to management strategies/ objectives
Stakeholder/public acceptability
Acceptability with stakeholders
- by all stakeholder
- by the public
- understandable to the stakeholders
Associated links
Hyperlinks to organisations, databases, webportals, and ID books, that are associated with this indicator, if appropriate.
References
Fulton, E.A., Smith, A.D.M., Webb, H., and Slater, J. (2004a) Ecological indicators for the impacts of fishing on non-target species, communities and ecosystems: Review of potential indicators. AFMA Final Research Report, report Number R99/1546.
References that Fulton et al uses for this indicator:
Caddy, J. F., and L. Garibaldi. 2000. Apparent changes in the trophic composition of world marine harvests: the perspective from the FAO capture database. Ocean & Coastal Management 43: pp 615-55.
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Rochet, M.-J., and V. M. Trenkel. 2003. Which community indicators can measure the impact of fishing? a review and proposals. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 60: pp 86-99.
Russ, G. R., and A. C. Alcala. 1996. Marine reserves: rates and patterns of recovery and decline of large predatory fish. Ecological Applications 6 , no. 3: pp 947-61.
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Fulton, E.A., Fuller,M., Smith, A.D.M., and Punt, A. (2004) Ecological indicators of the ecosystem effects of fishing: Final report. AFMA Final Research Report, report Number R99/1546.
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